A Practical Guide to Computer Processor
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Understanding Microprocessor

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Understanding Microprocessor Empty Understanding Microprocessor

Tue Aug 07, 2018 10:02 am
Microprocessor is an integrated circuit that is capable of all of the following

a) operating on coded instructions;

b) carrying out, in accordance with the instructions:

1) the acceptance of coded data for processing and/or storage,
2) arithmetic and logical operations on the input data together with any relevant data stored in the internal registers of the microprocessor integrated circuit and/or in external memories, and
3) the delivery of coded data; and

c) accepting and/or delivering signals controlling and/or describing the operation or state of the microprocessor integrated circuit.

Microprocessor, functions as the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer, providing computational control. Microprocessors are also used in other advanced electronic systems, such as computer printers, automobiles, and jet airliners.

The microprocessor is one type of ultra-large-scale integrated circuit. Integrated circuits, also known as microchips or chips, are complex electronic circuits consisting of extremely tiny components formed on a single, thin, flat piece of material known as a semiconductor. Modern microprocessors incorporate as many as 10 million transistors (which act as electronic amplifiers, oscillators, or, most commonly, switches), in addition to other components such as resistors, diodes, capacitors, and wires, all packed into an area about the size of a postage stamp.

A microprocessor consists of several different sections: The arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) performs calculations on numbers and makes logical decisions; the registers are special memory locations for storing temporary information much as a scratch pad does; the control unit deciphers programs; buses carry digital information throughout the chip and computer; and local memory supports on-chip computation. More complex microprocessors often contain other sections–such as sections of specialized memory, called cache memory, to speed up access to external data-storage devices. Modern microprocessors operate with bus widths of 64 bits (binary digits, or units of information represented as 1s and 0s), meaning that 64 bits of data can be transferred at the same time.

A crystal oscillator in the computer provides a clock signal to coordinate all activities of the microprocessor. The clock speed of the most advanced microprocessors is 1 gigahertz (GHz)–about 1 billion cycles per second–allowing billions of computer instructions to be executed every second.


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mastercoder
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Tue Sep 25, 2018 12:31 pm
Is crystal oscillator really made of crystal?
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mastercoder
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Tue Sep 25, 2018 12:33 pm
How can I add or operate coded instructions on it?
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mattheww
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Tue Sep 25, 2018 1:55 pm
anong pinagkaiba nito sa microcontroller?
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mattheww
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Tue Sep 25, 2018 1:56 pm
mastercoder wrote:Is crystal oscillator really made of crystal?
I think yes
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mattheww
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Tue Sep 25, 2018 1:56 pm
mastercoder wrote:How can I add or operate coded instructions on it?
assembly language
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ivylopez
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Wed Sep 26, 2018 6:15 pm
Very Informative !
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marky
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Wed Sep 26, 2018 6:54 pm
You made it so simple and yet very interesting , thank you so much!!
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SarahMae
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Wed Sep 26, 2018 6:59 pm
Extraordinary explanation of what a microprocessor is, thank you for all your effort.
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mam_shane
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Wed Sep 26, 2018 7:19 pm
As you said that Microprocessors can execute instructions and control component. So can this chips have their own input-output terminals?
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Wed Sep 26, 2018 7:20 pm
mam_shane wrote:As you said that Microprocessors can execute instructions and control component. So can this chips have their own input-output terminals?

yes they have
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mam_shane
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Wed Sep 26, 2018 7:24 pm
The Intel 4004 is rather lovely to study and play with, you can read the datasheet and write code for it in raw hex in a matter of hours. What most people don't understand about the 4004 is it is less a general purpose CPU and more a "multichip microcontroller".
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Wed Sep 26, 2018 7:24 pm
mam_shane wrote:The Intel 4004 is rather lovely to study and play with, you can read the datasheet and write code for it in raw hex in a matter of hours.  What most people don't understand about the 4004 is it is less a general purpose CPU and more a "multichip microcontroller".

thanks for sharing
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lanz
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Wed Sep 26, 2018 7:26 pm
how does a CPU is made?
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Wed Sep 26, 2018 7:29 pm
lanz wrote:how does a CPU is made?

CPU is made by thousands of transistors, and the first transistor is only made by hands.
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lanz
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Wed Sep 26, 2018 7:41 pm
Admin wrote:
lanz wrote:how does a CPU is made?

CPU is made by thousands of transistors, and the first transistor is only made by hands.

I could never digest the fact that a processor contains billions of transistors
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Wed Sep 26, 2018 7:45 pm
What are decoders and multiplexers
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lanz
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Wed Sep 26, 2018 7:46 pm
I remember programming in assembly a few years ago. this is basically the same!
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mam_shane
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Wed Sep 26, 2018 8:37 pm
What are key factor in determining the cost of an integrated circuit?
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Wed Sep 26, 2018 8:41 pm
mam_shane wrote:What are key factor in determining the cost of an integrated circuit?

I think the manufacturing process can be varied to a particular
design, increasing the yield.
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mam_shane
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Wed Sep 26, 2018 8:47 pm
mattheww wrote:anong pinagkaiba nito sa microcontroller?

It seems to be same... but it is not! Microcontroller are a whole complete system in themselves (maybe sometimes specific Operating System too). They consists of Processing Unit, RAM, ROM, other external peripherals, while only consist of the Processing Unit. They don't have peripherals included in them.
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mam_shane
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Wed Sep 26, 2018 8:49 pm
Does microprocessors available in an open market?
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Wed Sep 26, 2018 8:49 pm
mam_shane wrote:Does microprocessors available in an open market?

yes it is
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Nico
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Wed Sep 26, 2018 8:50 pm
pls post about the history of microprocessors
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Wed Sep 26, 2018 8:51 pm
Nico wrote:pls post about the history of microprocessors

next time
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